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Chapter 8 Notes Over Text KINGDOM PROTISTA Characteristics of all protists · ____________________ · ____________________ Protists are very diverse. Some are single celled while others are many celled. Some reproduce asexually and some can reproduce sexually. Protists are divided into 3 groups 1. Plant-like which are called ____________________ 2. Animal-like which are called ____________________ 3. ____________________ Evolutionary past of protists is difficult to find because of their soft bodies don’t fossilize. Algae - · They all make their own food using chlorophyll and perhaps another pigment. · Many of these have cell walls like plants. And some may have structures like roots, but they do not have true roots. · Some bacteria have a flagellum – which is a whip-like tail ____________________– have an extremely large population. · They have hard shells that are like glass boxes around them. · ____________________-celled only · They are ____________________. · They are used in ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ . ____________________ · They have ____________________that move them in circles like spinning tops. · They live in salt water. · ____________________-celled only · They are ____________________in color · Some must eat food instead of making it ____________________ · They can use or make their own food if no light is around. · ____________________-celled only · They have ____________________. · They have an ____________________that responds to light. ____________________ · They have a red pigment to help them absorb the small amount of light that is in the very deep areas of the ocean where they live (200 m) · Most are ____________________celled · They are called seaweeds with the other algae · They are used in ____________________and ____________________to make it smooth and creamy. ____________________ · They are the most diverse group of protists. 7000 different species of green algae exist · One-celled or many celled ____________________ · They are nicknamed ____________________, and they are a source of food for fish & us. · Many celled only (they can be huge - like 100 m in length) · They are used in ____________________and ____________________. They are used in making tires and hand creams. Algae is important to the ecosystems because they · are a food source · make oxygen · Red algae are used in cosmetics and the food industry. It is in toothpastes and pudding and salad dressing. · Brown algae are used in ice cream and marshmallows, the making rubber tires and hand cream. · Diatoms are used in insulation, filters, and road paint and toothpaste ____________________– is caused by a population explosion of ________________. The Dinoflagellates release toxins that are eaten by fish and then by people who eat the fish. They may get ill or even die. Protozoa - · They cannot make food. · Many protozoans live in or on another organism (dead or alive) Protozoans are divided into 4 groups due to _______________________________. 1. ___________________ · They all move using ____________________that are short, threadlike structures that extend from the cell membrane. · They are all ____________________celled. · A ____________________is an example of a ciliate that has 2 nuclei. 2. ____________________ · They all move using ____________________. · One of these causes African sleeping sickness and others live in termites to help digest wood. 3. ____________________ · They all move using ____________________that means false foot. · An ____________________is an example of a Rhizopoda. It eats by way of endocytosis. 4. ____________________ · All of these are parasites. · Malaria is causes by a protozoan. Protozoans are important to the ecosystems because they · are a food source · show where petroleum reserves may be found · A flagellate helps termites digest wood. · Cause sicknesses in humans and other animals (Giardia is a flagellate and brain infection and death may be caused by an amoeba.) Fungus-like · Reproduce with ____________________that may have flagella (fungi spores do not) · Must take in food (can’t make it) ____________________ They are very colorful and attractive They have pseudopods during part of their life cycle. ____________________– are fungus-like protists. Digest outside their bodies They caused the Irish potato famine in the 1840’s. ____________________ – are fungus like. They are in aquariums attacking plants or fish and killing them. Fungus-like protists are important to the ecosystems because they · are saprophytes · cause diseases in plants and animals · downy mildew caused the Irish potato famine of 1840’s and a grape infection in the 1870’s. Kingdom Fungus – Characteristics of all fungi · ____________________ · ____________________ · ____________________ · Don’t have specialized tissues and organs (no roots or leaves) · ____________________– are many-celled threadlike tubes that make up the body of the fungi. · Secretes enzymes to digest food outside of itself and them absorb the digested food. · Grow best in ____________________areas Most reproduce with ____________________– are reproductive cells that form new organisms without fertilization. Most are ____________________. Some are parasites (ringworm & athlete’s foot) ____________________– · ____________________– are club shaped structures that contain spores. · Mushrooms are club fungi also. · Club fungi cause smuts and rusts
____________________– · Contain yeasts, molds, and truffles are sac fungi. · ____________________- are saclike structures that contain spores. · Dutch Elm disease, apple scab, and ergot disease of rye are all caused by these. ____________________is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows off the side of the parent ____________________– · ____________________– are round spore cases that produce spores by the hundreds. ____________________– · They are called this because their sexual stage has never been observed. · Penicillium is one example of this group. · Ringworm and athlete’s foot are other examples. ____________________– · Is an organism that is made of a fungus and green alga or a Cyanobacterium. · The two live together and both benefit. · Good food source · Weather rocks · Monitor pollution levels – are air quality indicators ____________________– are a network of hyphae and roots Fungi are important to the ecosystems because they · ____________________ (eaten or used in cheeses or yeast dough for baking) · Cause diseases in plants and animals · Sac fungi cause Dutch elm, apple scab, ergot disease in rye · Club fungi cause smuts and rusts · Athlete’s foot and ringworm are imperfect fungi. · Antibiotics and other medicines are made by some species of fungi · ____________________– is the most important job of fungi. |