Chapter 9
Vocabulary

1. ____________ -chemical compound made out of sugar; forms tangled fibers in the cell walls of many plants and provides structure and support.
2. ____________ -pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing.
3. ____________ -flowering vascular plants that produce fruits containing one or more seeds; monocots and dicots.
4. ____________ -waxy, protective layer that covers the stems, leaves, and flowers of many plants and helps prevent water loss.
5. ____________ -angiosperm with two cotyledons inside its seed, flower parts in multiples of four or five, and vascular bundles in rings.
6. ____________ -vascular tissue that produces xylem and phloem cells as a plant grows.
7. ____________ -angiosperm with one cotyledon inside its seed, flower parts in multiples of three, and vascular tissues in bundles scattered throughout the stem.
8. ____________ -vascular plants that do not flower, generally have needlelike or scale-like leaves, and produce seeds that are not protected by fruit; conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes.
9. ____________ -vascular tissue that forms hollow vessels that transport substances, other than sugar, throughout a plant.
10. ____________ -tiny opening in a plant’s epidermis through which carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen enter and exit.
11. ____________ -plant that absorbs water and other substances directly through its cell walls instead of through tube-like structures.
12. ____________ -species that break down rock and build up decaying plant material so that other plants can grow; first organisms to grow in new or disturbed areas.
13. ____________ -threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground.
14. ____________ -plant with tube-like structures that move minerals, water, and other substances throughout the plant.
15. ____________ -vascular tissue that forms tubes that transport dissolved sugar throughout a plant.

Chapter 10 Vocabulary

1. ____________ - female reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm; consists of a sticky stigma, where pollen grains land, and an ovary
2. ____________ -male reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm; consists of an anther, where pollen grains form, and a filament.
3. ____________ -small structure produced by the male reproductive organs of a seed plant; has a water resistant coat, can develop from a spore, and contains gametophyte parts that will produce sperm
4. ____________- in plants, swollen base of an angiosperm’s pistil, where egg-producing ovules are found
5. ____________ -waterproof reproductive cell of a fungus that can grow into a new organism; in plants, haploid cells produced in the gametophyte stage that can divide by mitosis to form plant structures or an entire new plant or can develop into sex cells
6. ____________- series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed
7. ____________-leaf of a fern that grows from the rhizome
8. ____________- plant life cycle stage that begins when cells in reproductive organs undergo meiosis and produce haploid cell (spores)
9. ____________- underground stem
10. ____________-transfer of pollen grains to the female part of a seed plant by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and animals
11. ____________- fern structures in which spores are produced
12. ____________- plant life cycle stage that begins when an egg is fertilized by a sperm
13. ____________- in seed plants, the female reproductive part that produces eggs
14. ____________- small, green, heart-shaped gametophyte plant form of a fern that can make its own food and absorb water and nutrients from the soil

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